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REVIEW PAPER
Πλάνο Φροντίδας Νεογνού με Περιγεννητική Ασφυξία
1
Τμήμα Μαιευτικής, Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής, Αθήνα, Ελλάδα
2
Διιδρυματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών «Έρευνα στη Γυναικεία Αναπαραγωγή», Ιατρική Σχολή, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών και Τμήμα Μαιευτικής, Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής, Αθήνα, Έλλαδα
Submission date: 2023-09-15
Acceptance date: 2023-09-24
Publication date: 2023-09-30
Corresponding author
Δήμητρα-Μαρία Αποστολίδη
Τμήμα Μαιευτικής, Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής, Αγ. Σπυρίδωνος 28, 12243, Αιγάλεω, Αθήνα, Ελλάδα.
Τμήμα Μαιευτικής, Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής, Αγ. Σπυρίδωνος 28, 12243, Αιγάλεω, Αθήνα, Ελλάδα.
ΕΛΕΥΘΩ 2023;22(3):10
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Perinatal asphyxia remains a serious condition that often leads to significant morbidity and mortality and its occurence has been associated with several risk factors, highlighting the complexity of this condition. Despite significant progress in perinatal care in recent years, it is the third most common cause of neonatal death, after severe infections and preterm birth, with an incidence of 1 to 6 per 1,000 live full-term births.
Purpose:
The purpose of this review is to present the latest literature data regarding perinatal asphyxia and to analyze the care plan of neonates with perinatal asphyxia through supportive measures.
Methods:
A review of the Greek and international literature was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline Plus, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The study material consisted of selected articles published in the last twenty years. There was a limitation regarding the language of publication, and mainly articles published in English and Greek were included.
Results:
Specific criteria have been established for defining a hypoxic-ischemic event that can cause moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy. Specifically, the presence of severe metabolic acidosis at birth, pH < 7 and base deficit ≥ 12 mmol/L, is a major finding of this morbidity. Clinical and laboratory examinations are required for the management and evaluation of a newborn with asphyxia, while therapeutic measures aim to support the newborn's organ systems.
Conclusions:
Perinatal asphyxia can affect almost any organ in the neonate's body. Post-asphyxia neuroprotection has been demonstrated through hypothermia treatment, which can reduce the risk of death and neurodevelopmental disability. There are also several neuroprotective factors that can reduce brain damage caused by hypoxia-ischemia, but further investigation is needed to assess their effectiveness. Prognosis depends on the severity of perinatal asphyxia, and only a small percentage of newborns with perinatal asphyxia survive without complications.
Perinatal asphyxia remains a serious condition that often leads to significant morbidity and mortality and its occurence has been associated with several risk factors, highlighting the complexity of this condition. Despite significant progress in perinatal care in recent years, it is the third most common cause of neonatal death, after severe infections and preterm birth, with an incidence of 1 to 6 per 1,000 live full-term births.
Purpose:
The purpose of this review is to present the latest literature data regarding perinatal asphyxia and to analyze the care plan of neonates with perinatal asphyxia through supportive measures.
Methods:
A review of the Greek and international literature was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline Plus, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The study material consisted of selected articles published in the last twenty years. There was a limitation regarding the language of publication, and mainly articles published in English and Greek were included.
Results:
Specific criteria have been established for defining a hypoxic-ischemic event that can cause moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy. Specifically, the presence of severe metabolic acidosis at birth, pH < 7 and base deficit ≥ 12 mmol/L, is a major finding of this morbidity. Clinical and laboratory examinations are required for the management and evaluation of a newborn with asphyxia, while therapeutic measures aim to support the newborn's organ systems.
Conclusions:
Perinatal asphyxia can affect almost any organ in the neonate's body. Post-asphyxia neuroprotection has been demonstrated through hypothermia treatment, which can reduce the risk of death and neurodevelopmental disability. There are also several neuroprotective factors that can reduce brain damage caused by hypoxia-ischemia, but further investigation is needed to assess their effectiveness. Prognosis depends on the severity of perinatal asphyxia, and only a small percentage of newborns with perinatal asphyxia survive without complications.
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